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Winter Hill Wells
Many exposed sections of tunnel are close to stone built 'wells' like the one shown intact that is located in Three Nooked Shaw Clough. Many of the wells higher up the hill are now filled in or lost probably due to natural occurances.
Although designated as wells on the OS maps and having the characteristics of a familiar 'wishing well' we believe the structures to be a primitive but effective valve system. In the photograph above observable ripples in the water indicate an inflow of water from the bottom of the image, while an outflow pipe can be seen higher up in the opposite side. This could be to regulate water outflow volume due to fluctuations in the local water table. It is not known whether the wells contain a second outflow conduit below the water level that would indicate a regulatory purpose or whether the water level represents the actual water table in which case the wells could have been used pressurise the water in a similar way to an artesian well.
It should be noted that all reservoirs function in a similar manner but their regulatory aspects are governed by sluices and overflows rather than the natural state of the water table. In fact wells are often located near natural springs.
Image Owner: munki @ Shootability.co.uk
Winter Hill Covered Wells
Many of the wells higher on Winter Hill seem to have been constructed with a stone built dome or beehive cap as can be seen in this photograph. These characteristic structures have a two piece circular keystone that can be seen at the top of this image (note the rounded stone). These stones are easily found lying close to several of the collapsed well structures.
No domed wells are found intact on Winter Hill although there are several suspect areas where domes appear to be below ground level with their tops just above ground. Two very similar and fully intact structures can be found in a field near Chorley reservoir in Anglezarke that may be contemporary.
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